1/53
the mechanism of X inactivation
2/53
few genes which are located only on Y chromosome
4/53
when heterozygote has a greater reproductive success compared to either corresponding homozygotes
5/53
the trait occurs in only one of the two sexes
6/53
certain lethal alleles which act only in some individuals
7/53
a second cross in which the sexes and phenotypes are reversed
8/53
when two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual
9/53
inheritanace pattern which involves genes that are not located in the cell nucleus
10/53
chloroplast DNA, chloroplast are a type of plastid that make chlorophyll, a green photosynthetic pigment
11/53
the epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is thereby silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed.
13/53
a condition in which phenotype is intermediate between the corresponding homozygoes individuals
14/53
how the allelic variants of two different genes affect a single trait
15/53
when one of the two x chromosomes is turned off
16/53
the presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell or individual
17/53
a second mutation that reverses the phenotypic effects of a first mutation
18/53
organelle where genetic material of mitochondria and chloroplasts is located
19/53
Gene modifier affect
20/53
region that is located near the imprinted gene
21/53
when the gene function is abolished by creating an organism that is homozygous for a loss-of-function allele
22/53
the genetic material that is found in mitochondria. Mitochondria are structures that convey the energy from food into a form that cells can use
23/53
the inheritance pattern of the Mic2 gene is the same as the inheritance pattern of a gene located on autosome even though the Mic2 gene is actually located on the sex chromosomes
24/53
small colonies of mutants
25/53
an allele is dominant in one sex but recessive in the opossite sex
26/53
compensation by random X-inactivation, of the dosage of gene material in the cells of males and females carrying X-linked genes
27/53
is an evolutionary theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes
28/53
Simple Mendelian inheritance
29/53
the copies which are not identical due to the accumulation of random changes during evolution
30/53
X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated
31/53
Sex influenced inheritance
32/53
a pattern in which the genotype of the mother directly determines the phenotype of her offspring (an inheritance pattern for certain nuclear genes)
33/53
a phenomenon when only one allele of a gene is expressed
34/53
in each somatic cell of a normal female, one of the X chromosomes is randomly deactivated. This deactivated X chromosome can be seen as a small, dark-staining structure in the cell nucleus
35/53
that has the potential to cause the death
36/53
effects of environmental variation on a phenotype
37/53
inheritance of characters transmitted through extranuclear elements (as mitochondrial DNA) in the cytoplasm of the egg
38/53
Genetic polymorphism
39/53
multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism
40/53
it effects the choice of the X chromosome to be inactivated
41/53
Prevalent (paplitęs) alleles in a natural population
42/53
Monoallelic expression
44/53
a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont actually lives inside the host
45/53
when the alleles of one gene mask the phenotypic effects of the alleles of another gene
46/53
how the allelic variants of two different genes affect a single trait
47/53
a pattern in which a modification occurs to a nuclear gene or chromosome that alters gene expression, but is not permanent over the course of many generations
48/53
alleles which may kill the organism only when certain environmental conditions prevail
49/53
the attachement of a methyl group onto a cytosine base – is a common way that eukaryotic genes may be regulated
50/53
is an evolutionary theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes
52/53
the allele causing the disease is recessive and located on the x chromosome