Pathophysiology practice test (15) <<<<<<<< Heart Failure>>>>>>>>>> ............... Multiple Choice................. shema published on June 21, 201210 responses 0 « Previous Next » Questions in vertical order 1/20 pathogenesis of heart failure result from depressed contractility may be? myocardium injured due to infarction or severe inflammation inadequate energy produced by myocardium disorder of energy utilization of myocardium dysfunction of excitation contraction coupling 2/20 the manifestations of right heart failure include? Hint: 3 choices hepatomegaly edema of lower extremity ascites engorgement of jugular vein 3/20 the patient with low output heart failure may present? Hint: 3 choices CO< 2.5L/min increased of heart rate decreased of VEDV decreased of ejection fraction 4/20 orthopnea present in left heart failure mainly due to in recumbent position? Hint: 3 choices more venous blood return to heart? more interstitial fluid of lower extremity reabsorbed to capillary diaphragm moves towards up increased activity of sympathetic nerves 5/20 the alterations in low output heart failure include? Hint: 3 choices decreased cardiac output decreased ejection fraction decreased heart rate decreased stroke volume 6/20 the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure is? delayed calcium outward movement from cytoplasm to outside of cell less calcium uptake by SR delyed breakdown of the formed actin myosin cross bridege decreased compliance of the ventricle 7/20 the basic causes of heart failure are? Hint: 3 choices lesion of the myocardium overload of myocardium for a long time infection arrhythemia 8/20 venous hypertension in chronic heart failure may due to? increased activity of sympathetic nerves increased blood volume increased VEDP decreased water excretory by kidney 9/20 the pathogenesis of heart failure is? decreased energy produced less calcium influx from extracellular decreased calcium uptake by SR decreased calcium released by SR 10/20 the pathogenesis of disorder of calcium transport may be? reduced uptake by SR ( sarcoplasmic reticulum) reduced influx of extracellular calcium acidosis reduced density of β-receptor in hypertrophy myocardium 11/20 the mechanism of the blood pressure may keep normal in chronic heart failure is? Hint: 2 choices sympathetic nervous system is stimulated and contraction of arteriole increased heart rate blood volume increase blood flow slowly 12/20 acute heart failure may result in? Hint: 2 choices blood pressure decrease cardiogenic shock blood volume increased myocardium hypertrophy 13/20 the pathogenesis of heart failure result from ischemic heart disease? Hint: 2 choices ventricular remodeling decreased calcium uptake and released by SR compliance decreased decreased energy produced 14/20 which is the pathogeneses of dysfunction of excitation contraction coupling? disorder of Ca channel of myocardial membraine hyperkalemia acidosis decreased Ca released by SR 15/20 which is related to cardiac edema? decreased GFR ( glomerular filtration rate) increased secretion of aldosterone increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone increased capillary blood pressure 16/20 which manifestation is possible in right heart failure? Hint: 3 choices edema of lower limb engorgement of neck vein orthopnea loss of appetite 17/20 eccentric hypertrophy? Hint: 3 choices is due to volume overload accompany cardiac chamber dilation accompany increased of the sarcomeres in parallel accompany increased length of the myocardial cell 18/20 which may lead to high output heart failure? Hint: 2 choices hypertension myocarditis severe anemia hyperthyroidism 19/20 the major mechanisms of cardiac edema is? Hint: 2 choices retention of water and sodium increased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries obstruction of lymphatic flow increased capillary permeability 20/20 mechanism of orthopnea include? Hint: 2 choices tissue fluid of lower extremity return to heart in the recumbent position the position of diaphragm moves toward up in the recumbent position pulmonary vein dilation increased pulmonary vascular permeability
